Top 25 Maxillofacial Surgeons Across the US
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What is a Maxillofacial Surgeon?
Learn about this specialty, training requirements, and when to schedule a visit.
A maxillofacial surgeon, also known as an oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMS), is a surgical specialist who treats diseases, injuries, and defects of the face, jaws, mouth, and neck. These highly trained specialists bridge the gap between medicine and dentistry, uniquely qualified to perform complex facial reconstructive surgery, correct jaw abnormalities, treat facial trauma, manage TMJ disorders, and place dental implants. Maxillofacial surgeons are the only healthcare professionals trained to administer all levels of anesthesia in an office setting.
Training and Qualifications
Becoming a maxillofacial surgeon requires extensive education and training:
- 4-6 years of dental school to earn a DMD or DDS degree
- 4-6 years of hospital-based surgical residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Many programs include medical school training leading to an MD degree (dual-degree programs)
- Total of 12-14 years of education and clinical training beyond high school
- Extensive training in general anesthesia administration and IV sedation
- Optional 1-2 year fellowships in craniofacial surgery, head and neck oncology, or cosmetic facial surgery
Board Certification: American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS). Certification requires completion of an accredited residency program, passing comprehensive written and oral examinations, and demonstrating competency in core procedures. Many surgeons also hold medical board certifications.
When Should You See a Maxillofacial Surgeon?
You should consider seeing a maxillofacial surgeon if:
- You need wisdom teeth removal, especially impacted wisdom teeth
- You have a jaw misalignment causing functional or aesthetic concerns
- You have experienced facial trauma including broken jaw or facial bones
- You suffer from TMJ disorders causing chronic jaw pain or dysfunction
- You need dental implants to replace missing teeth
- You have a cleft lip or palate requiring surgical correction
- You have oral pathology such as cysts, tumors, or lesions in the mouth or jaw
- You require facial reconstructive surgery following trauma or cancer treatment
Key Facts
Common Conditions Treated
Maxillofacial Surgeons are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. Here are some of the most common conditions that maxillofacial surgeons help patients manage.
Orthognathic Surgery (Corrective Jaw Surgery)
Surgical correction of jaw abnormalities to improve bite alignment, facial balance, and function. Treats conditions where orthodontics alone cannot correct the skeletal discrepancy.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons reposition the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both through precise bone cuts, achieving proper alignment and securing with titanium plates and screws for permanent correction.
Facial Trauma
Treatment of injuries to the face, including fractures of the facial bones, lacerations, and soft tissue injuries resulting from accidents, sports injuries, or violence.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons repair facial fractures using internal fixation with titanium plates, reconstruct damaged soft tissues, and restore facial function and appearance while minimizing visible scarring.
TMJ Disorders (Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction)
Conditions affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, causing pain, clicking, limited movement, and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons diagnose TMJ disorders with imaging and clinical examination, offering treatments ranging from conservative therapy and arthroscopy to open joint surgery and total joint replacement when necessary.
Dental Implant Surgery
Surgical placement of titanium implants into the jawbone to serve as artificial tooth roots, providing a permanent foundation for replacement teeth.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons place dental implants with precision, perform bone grafting when needed to ensure adequate bone volume, and can place implants immediately after tooth extraction for optimal results.
Cleft Lip and Palate Repair
Surgical correction of congenital facial deformities where the lip and/or palate did not form completely during fetal development.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons perform staged repairs beginning in infancy, closing the cleft lip and palate, performing bone grafts to the alveolar ridge, and completing jaw surgery if needed for full reconstruction.
Wisdom Teeth Extraction
Surgical removal of third molars (wisdom teeth), particularly when impacted, causing pain, or threatening adjacent teeth.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons safely remove impacted wisdom teeth under appropriate anesthesia, managing complex cases involving nerve proximity and performing bone removal when necessary for complete extraction.
Facial Reconstruction
Complex surgical procedures to restore form and function to the face following trauma, cancer removal, or congenital deformities.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons use bone grafts, tissue flaps, and advanced techniques including microvascular surgery to reconstruct facial structures, restoring both function and aesthetic appearance.
Oral Pathology and Tumors
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cysts, tumors, and other pathological conditions affecting the mouth, jaws, and associated structures.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Maxillofacial surgeons perform biopsies for diagnosis, surgically remove benign and malignant tumors, and reconstruct affected areas, coordinating with oncologists for comprehensive cancer care.
Important Note
This list represents common conditions but is not exhaustive. Maxillofacial Surgeons treat many other conditions related to their specialty. If you're experiencing symptoms or have concerns, consult with a qualified maxillofacial surgeon for a proper evaluation.
What to Expect During Your Visit
Understanding what happens during your appointment can help you feel more prepared. Here's what you can typically expect when visiting a maxillofacial surgeon.
Your First Visit
- Comprehensive review of your medical and dental history
- Discussion of your concerns, symptoms, and treatment goals
- Clinical examination of the face, jaws, teeth, and oral cavity
- Review of any imaging (X-rays, CT scans, MRI) or ordering additional studies
- Discussion of diagnosis and all available treatment options
- Explanation of the recommended procedure, including risks and benefits
- Development of a personalized treatment plan with timeline
- Initial consultation typically lasts 30-60 minutes
Diagnosis & Testing
- Panoramic X-rays: comprehensive view of all teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures
- Cone beam CT (CBCT) scans: 3D imaging for precise surgical planning
- Cephalometric analysis: measurements for orthognathic surgery planning
- MRI for TMJ disorders: detailed view of joint disc and soft tissues
- Biopsy: tissue sampling for pathology diagnosis when indicated
- Digital impressions and 3D models for surgical planning and simulation
Treatment Options
- Pre-operative medical clearance and preparation as needed
- Choice of anesthesia: local, IV sedation, or general anesthesia based on procedure
- Surgical procedure performed in office or hospital setting
- Post-operative monitoring until safe for discharge
- Detailed post-operative instructions including diet, medications, and activity restrictions
- Prescription for pain management and antibiotics when appropriate
- Follow-up appointments to monitor healing and remove sutures
- Long-term follow-up for complex procedures including orthodontic coordination
Tip for Your Visit
Bring a list of current medications, previous test results, and questions you want to ask. Writing down your symptoms—when they occur and what affects them—helps your maxillofacial surgeon provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
How to Choose the Right Maxillofacial Surgeon
Finding the right healthcare provider is important for your health and peace of mind. Here are key factors to consider when selecting a maxillofacial surgeon.
Credentials to Verify
- Board certification by the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS)
- Completion of an accredited 4-6 year oral and maxillofacial surgery residency
- Active, unrestricted dental and/or medical license in your state
- Hospital privileges at accredited facilities for complex procedures
- Fellowship training for subspecialty procedures (craniofacial, oncology, cosmetic)
- Membership in the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS)
Important Considerations
- Experience with your specific condition or procedure
- Facility accreditation for office-based surgery and anesthesia
- Access to hospital facilities for complex cases
- Before-and-after photos of similar procedures
- Communication style and willingness to explain options
- Coordination with other specialists (orthodontists, prosthodontists, oncologists)
- Emergency availability for post-operative concerns
- Patient reviews and testimonials
Quick Tip
Don't hesitate to schedule consultations with multiple maxillofacial surgeons before making your decision. The right fit isn't just about credentials—it's also about feeling comfortable and confident in your care.
Cost and Insurance Information
Understanding the costs associated with seeing a maxillofacial surgeon can help you plan for your healthcare needs.
Average Costs (Without Insurance)
Initial Visit
$100-$300 (consultation and examination)
Follow-up Visit
$50-$150
Common Procedures
Note: These are estimated average costs and can vary based on location, provider, and specific services required.
Insurance Coverage
- Medical insurance often covers facial trauma, jaw surgery for functional issues, and tumor removal
- Dental insurance typically covers extractions and may partially cover implants
- Orthognathic surgery may be covered by medical insurance when medically necessary
- TMJ surgery coverage varies significantly between insurance plans
- Pre-authorization is usually required for major surgical procedures
- Cosmetic procedures are generally not covered by insurance
- Many offices offer payment plans or financing options
Medicare Information
Medicare Part A covers hospital-based oral and maxillofacial surgery when medically necessary, including facial trauma repair and treatment of oral cancers. Medicare Part B may cover certain procedures when they are not primarily dental in nature. Medicare does not cover routine dental procedures, most extractions, or dental implants unless medically necessary due to trauma or disease.
Money-Saving Tips
- 1Always verify your maxillofacial surgeon is in-network before scheduling
- 2Ask about self-pay discounts if you don't have insurance
- 3Inquire about payment plans for expensive procedures
- 4Get prior authorization when required to avoid claim denials
- 5Use FSA or HSA funds for eligible medical expenses
Questions to Ask Your Maxillofacial Surgeon
Being prepared for your appointment helps you get the most out of your time with your doctor. Here are important questions to consider asking a maxillofacial surgeon.
What is your experience with my specific condition or procedure?
What are all my treatment options, and what do you recommend?
What type of anesthesia will be used, and who will administer it?
What are the risks and potential complications specific to my case?
Will this procedure be done in your office or a hospital?
How long is the recovery, and when can I return to work/school?
What dietary restrictions will I have after surgery?
Will I need additional procedures or treatments in the future?
Do you coordinate with orthodontists if needed for my treatment?
What is included in the quoted fee, and what additional costs should I expect?
Pro Tip
Write down your questions before your appointment and bring them with you. Don't hesitate to take notes during your visit or ask for written instructions.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Know when symptoms require immediate attention versus a scheduled appointment.
While most conditions can wait for a scheduled appointment with a maxillofacial surgeon, certain symptoms require immediate emergency care. Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you experience:
- Severe bleeding that does not stop with pressure after oral surgery - may indicate a blood vessel injury
- Difficulty breathing or swelling of the throat after facial surgery - may indicate airway compromise requiring immediate attention
- High fever (over 101.5°F) with increasing pain and swelling - may indicate serious infection
- Numbness that worsens or new neurological symptoms after surgery - may indicate nerve compression
- Inability to open mouth combined with fever and neck stiffness - may indicate spreading infection
- Sudden severe swelling of the floor of the mouth (Ludwig's angina) - life-threatening emergency
EMERGENCY
Call 911 or nearest ER
URGENT
Doctor or urgent care
NON-URGENT
Regular appointment
Maxillofacial Surgeon vs. Other Specialists
Understanding the differences between medical specialists helps you choose the right provider for your needs.
Maxillofacial Surgeon vs. General Dentist
General dentists provide routine dental care including cleanings, fillings, and simple extractions. Maxillofacial surgeons have 4-6 additional years of surgical training beyond dental school and specialize in complex surgical procedures including impacted wisdom teeth, jaw surgery, facial trauma, and dental implants. Dentists often refer to maxillofacial surgeons for surgical cases beyond their scope.
Maxillofacial Surgeon vs. Plastic Surgeon
Plastic surgeons are medical doctors who specialize in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery throughout the body. Maxillofacial surgeons specialize specifically in the face, mouth, and jaws with additional training in dental and jaw relationships. Both may perform facial cosmetic procedures, but maxillofacial surgeons are uniquely qualified for procedures involving the jaws, teeth, and bite.
Maxillofacial Surgeon vs. ENT Specialist (Otolaryngologist)
ENT specialists focus on the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. Maxillofacial surgeons focus on the facial skeleton, jaws, and oral cavity. There is some overlap in treating facial trauma and certain head and neck conditions. Maxillofacial surgeons have unique expertise in dental and jaw relationships, while ENTs specialize in sinus, ear, and throat conditions.
Not sure which specialist you need?
Your primary care physician can help determine the right specialist for your condition and provide a referral if needed.
Sources & References
Information about maxillofacial surgeons is sourced from peer-reviewed medical literature and authoritative organizations.
Last updated: March 2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about maxillofacial surgeons
What is the difference between an oral surgeon and a maxillofacial surgeon?
The terms are often used interchangeably. 'Oral and maxillofacial surgeon' is the complete, formal title. All oral surgeons complete training in maxillofacial surgery. Some surgeons use 'oral surgeon' for simplicity, but the training and scope of practice are identical regardless of which shortened name is used.
Do I need a referral to see a maxillofacial surgeon?
While many patients are referred by their dentist or physician, most maxillofacial surgeons accept self-referrals for consultations. However, check with your insurance as some plans require a referral for coverage. For conditions like jaw misalignment, coordination with an orthodontist is typically necessary.
Will I be awake during oral surgery?
Maxillofacial surgeons offer multiple anesthesia options depending on the procedure and patient preference. Simple procedures may be done with local anesthesia (numbing). More complex procedures typically use IV sedation or general anesthesia where you'll be asleep. Your surgeon will discuss the best option for your situation.
How long is recovery from jaw surgery?
Initial recovery from orthognathic (jaw) surgery takes 2-3 weeks with significant swelling and a liquid/soft diet. Return to normal activities typically occurs at 4-6 weeks. Complete healing and final results take 6-12 months. Your surgeon will provide specific timelines based on your procedure.
Are dental implants painful?
Dental implant surgery is typically performed with local anesthesia or sedation, so you won't feel pain during the procedure. Post-operative discomfort is usually manageable with prescribed or over-the-counter pain medications and typically improves significantly within 3-5 days. Most patients report less discomfort than expected.
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you have a medical emergency, call 911. Our editorial standards