Top 25 Dermatologists Across the US
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What is a Dermatologist?
Learn about this specialty, training requirements, and when to schedule a visit.
A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. With expertise spanning medical, surgical, and cosmetic dermatology, these specialists treat everything from acne and eczema to skin cancer and complex autoimmune skin disorders. Dermatologists are trained in both medical treatments and specialized procedures including biopsies, laser therapy, and dermatologic surgery.
Training and Qualifications
Becoming a dermatologist requires extensive education and training:
- 4 years of medical school to earn an MD or DO degree
- 1 year of clinical postgraduate training (transitional year, internal medicine, surgery, family practice, pediatrics, or OB-GYN)
- 3 years of ACGME-accredited dermatology residency training
- Total of 8+ years of training beyond a bachelor's degree
- Some dermatologists pursue additional 1-2 year fellowships in subspecialties like dermatopathology, Mohs surgery, or pediatric dermatology
Board Certification: American Board of Dermatology (ABD). Candidates must pass the comprehensive CORE exam (covering all dermatology knowledge) and the APPLIED exam (clinical scenarios and images). Board certification requires a currently valid, full, and unrestricted medical license and completion of an accredited residency program. There are approximately 160 accredited dermatology programs in the US and Canada.
When Should You See a Dermatologist?
You should consider seeing a dermatologist if:
- You have acne that isn't responding to over-the-counter treatments
- You develop a new or changing mole that fits the ABCDE criteria (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color changes, Diameter >6mm, Evolution)
- You have persistent or worsening eczema, psoriasis, or other chronic skin conditions
- You notice unusual skin changes, growths, or lesions
- You have severe or persistent rashes that don't improve
- You experience hair loss or thinning that concerns you
- You want skin cancer screening, especially if you have risk factors (family history, many moles, sun exposure)
- You have nail problems like discoloration, thickening, or fungal infections
- You're interested in cosmetic treatments for aging, sun damage, or skin texture
- Your primary care doctor refers you for a suspicious skin lesion or chronic skin problem
Key Facts
Common Conditions Treated
Dermatologists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. Here are some of the most common conditions that dermatologists help patients manage.
Acne
A common skin condition causing pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes deeper cysts or nodules. Can occur at any age but is most common in teenagers and young adults. Can cause scarring and emotional distress if untreated.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists diagnose the type and severity of acne and create personalized treatment plans including prescription topical medications (retinoids, antibiotics), oral medications (antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin for severe acne), chemical peels, laser treatments, and extraction of comedones. They can also treat acne scarring.
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
A chronic inflammatory skin condition causing dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. Often begins in childhood but can occur at any age. Can significantly impact quality of life and sleep due to itching.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists identify triggers and prescribe treatments including topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors, topical PDE4 inhibitors, systemic immunosuppressants for severe cases, biologic medications (dupilumab), phototherapy (UV light treatment), and comprehensive skincare regimens to prevent flare-ups.
Psoriasis
An autoimmune condition that speeds up skin cell growth, causing thick, scaly patches (plaques) on the skin. Most commonly affects elbows, knees, and scalp but can appear anywhere. Can be associated with psoriatic arthritis.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists treat psoriasis with topical treatments (corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, retinoids), phototherapy (UV light), systemic medications (methotrexate, cyclosporine), and biologic drugs that target specific parts of the immune system. Treatment is customized based on severity and patient response.
Skin Cancer (Melanoma, Basal Cell, Squamous Cell)
Abnormal growth of skin cells, most often caused by UV radiation from sun exposure. Melanoma is the most dangerous type but highly treatable when caught early. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are more common and typically less aggressive.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists perform comprehensive skin cancer screenings using dermatoscopy, biopsy suspicious lesions for definitive diagnosis, and remove cancerous growths through surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery (for complex cases), cryotherapy, or other techniques. Early detection through regular screenings saves lives.
Rosacea
A chronic inflammatory skin condition causing facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes acne-like bumps. Most common in middle-aged adults with fair skin. Can cause eye problems and thickening of facial skin if untreated.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists identify rosacea triggers (sun, heat, spicy foods, alcohol), prescribe topical medications (metronidazole, azelaic acid, ivermectin), oral antibiotics for inflammation, laser or light therapy for visible blood vessels, and provide skincare recommendations to minimize flare-ups.
Hair Loss (Alopecia)
Loss of hair from the scalp or body, which can be temporary or permanent. Causes include genetics (male/female pattern baldness), autoimmune conditions (alopecia areata), medications, stress, nutritional deficiencies, and hormonal changes.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists diagnose the cause of hair loss through examination, blood tests, scalp biopsy if needed, and prescribe treatments including topical minoxidil, oral finasteride for pattern baldness, corticosteroid injections for alopecia areata, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, low-level laser therapy, and nutritional supplementation when indicated.
Warts
Benign skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Can appear anywhere on the body but common on hands, feet (plantar warts), and face. Contagious and can spread through direct contact or contaminated surfaces.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists remove warts using various methods including cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen), topical medications (salicylic acid, prescription strength), laser treatment, electrosurgery, surgical excision, immunotherapy, or bleomycin injections for resistant warts.
Contact Dermatitis
A skin rash caused by direct contact with a substance that irritates the skin or triggers an allergic reaction. Common triggers include poison ivy, nickel, fragrances, latex, and harsh chemicals. Can be acute or chronic.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists perform patch testing to identify specific allergens, prescribe topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, recommend barrier creams and moisturizers, provide avoidance strategies, and treat severe cases with oral corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.
Fungal Infections (Ringworm, Athlete's Foot, Nail Fungus)
Infections caused by various fungi that can affect the skin, nails, and scalp. Common types include tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and onychomycosis (nail fungus). More common in warm, moist environments.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists diagnose fungal infections through clinical examination and sometimes skin or nail scrapings for laboratory confirmation. Treatment includes topical antifungal creams for skin infections, oral antifungal medications for nail infections or extensive skin involvement, and preventive care recommendations.
Vitiligo
An autoimmune condition that causes loss of skin pigmentation, resulting in white patches on the skin. Can affect any area but commonly appears on face, hands, arms, and feet. Not contagious or life-threatening but can impact self-esteem.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Dermatologists diagnose vitiligo through examination and Wood's lamp (UV light), and treat with topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy (narrowband UVB), excimer laser, JAK inhibitors (newer treatment), surgical skin grafting for stable patches, and camouflage techniques or depigmentation in extensive cases.
Important Note
This list represents common conditions but is not exhaustive. Dermatologists treat many other conditions related to their specialty. If you're experiencing symptoms or have concerns, consult with a qualified dermatologist for a proper evaluation.
What to Expect During Your Visit
Understanding what happens during your appointment can help you feel more prepared. Here's what you can typically expect when visiting a dermatologist.
Your First Visit
- Comprehensive review of your medical history, current medications, and family history of skin conditions
- Discussion of your chief skin complaint and any other skin concerns you have
- Full-body skin examination (if screening for skin cancer) or focused examination of problem areas
- Dermatoscopy (magnified examination) of suspicious moles or lesions
- Photography of lesions for documentation and monitoring changes over time
- Discussion of diagnosis and treatment options
- First dermatology visit typically lasts 30-60 minutes depending on reason for visit
Diagnosis & Testing
- Visual examination: Dermatologists can often diagnose conditions by appearance alone
- Dermatoscopy: Magnified, illuminated examination of skin lesions
- Skin biopsy: Removal of small skin sample for laboratory analysis to confirm diagnosis (local anesthesia, quick procedure)
- Patch testing: Applied to back to identify allergens causing contact dermatitis (results read after 48-96 hours)
- Wood's lamp examination: UV light examination to detect certain infections or pigmentation disorders
- Fungal culture or KOH prep: Skin or nail scraping examined under microscope or cultured to diagnose fungal infections
- Blood tests: Sometimes ordered to check for systemic conditions affecting skin
Treatment Options
- Topical medications: Creams, ointments, gels, or lotions applied directly to skin (corticosteroids, antibiotics, retinoids, antifungals, etc.)
- Oral medications: Pills or capsules for conditions requiring systemic treatment (antibiotics, antifungals, isotretinoin for severe acne, immunosuppressants)
- Biologic medications: Injectable drugs targeting specific immune pathways for psoriasis, eczema, or other conditions
- Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to specific wavelengths of UV light for psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo
- Surgical procedures: Excision of skin cancers, mole removal, cyst removal, wart removal
- Cosmetic procedures: Laser treatments, chemical peels, microneedling, Botox, fillers (if cosmetically focused)
- Cryotherapy: Freezing treatment with liquid nitrogen for warts, precancerous lesions, small skin growths
- Mohs micrographic surgery: Specialized technique for skin cancer removal with highest cure rates and minimal scarring
- Patient education: Skincare routines, sun protection, trigger avoidance, when to seek follow-up care
Tip for Your Visit
Bring a list of current medications, previous test results, and questions you want to ask. Writing down your symptoms—when they occur and what affects them—helps your dermatologist provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
How to Choose the Right Dermatologist
Finding the right healthcare provider is important for your health and peace of mind. Here are key factors to consider when selecting a dermatologist.
Credentials to Verify
- Board certified by the American Board of Dermatology (ABD)
- Completed 4 years of dermatology training (1 year general + 3 years dermatology residency)
- Active, unrestricted medical license in your state
- Additional fellowship training if you need subspecialty care (Mohs surgery, dermatopathology, pediatric dermatology)
- Hospital privileges if procedures are needed
- Member of professional organizations like American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)
Important Considerations
- Subspecialty focus if needed (medical dermatology, surgical/Mohs, cosmetic, pediatric)
- Experience with your specific condition
- Office location and accessibility for regular appointments
- Accepts your insurance and is in-network
- Wait time for appointments (dermatology often has long waits)
- Availability for urgent issues like suspected skin cancer
- Range of services offered in-office (biopsies, cryotherapy, cosmetic procedures)
- Communication style and willingness to answer questions
- Patient reviews and recommendations
- Use of current evidence-based treatments and technology
- Coordination with other providers if you have complex medical conditions
Quick Tip
Don't hesitate to schedule consultations with multiple dermatologists before making your decision. The right fit isn't just about credentials—it's also about feeling comfortable and confident in your care.
Cost and Insurance Information
Understanding the costs associated with seeing a dermatologist can help you plan for your healthcare needs.
Average Costs (Without Insurance)
Initial Visit
$150-$350
Follow-up Visit
$100-$200
Common Procedures
Note: These are estimated average costs and can vary based on location, provider, and specific services required.
Insurance Coverage
- Most health insurance plans cover dermatology visits for medical conditions with specialist copay ($30-$75 typical)
- Medical procedures (biopsies, lesion removal for medical reasons) are typically covered when medically necessary
- Skin cancer screening is often covered as preventive care, especially for high-risk patients
- Cosmetic procedures (Botox, fillers, laser for wrinkles, chemical peels for appearance) are usually NOT covered
- Acne treatment coverage varies - some plans cover prescription medications, others may have limitations
- Some insurance plans require referral from primary care physician
- Prior authorization may be required for expensive medications like biologics or isotretinoin
- Out-of-network dermatologists typically have higher out-of-pocket costs
- Many dermatology practices offer cash-pay options for cosmetic services
Medicare Information
Medicare Part B covers medically necessary dermatology visits, skin cancer screenings for high-risk patients, biopsies, and surgical removal of skin lesions. Medicare typically covers 80% of approved costs after the Part B deductible. Cosmetic procedures are not covered. Medicare Advantage plans may have different coverage and cost-sharing.
Money-Saving Tips
- 1Always verify your dermatologist is in-network before scheduling
- 2Ask about self-pay discounts if you don't have insurance
- 3Inquire about payment plans for expensive procedures
- 4Get prior authorization when required to avoid claim denials
- 5Use FSA or HSA funds for eligible medical expenses
Questions to Ask Your Dermatologist
Being prepared for your appointment helps you get the most out of your time with your doctor. Here are important questions to consider asking a dermatologist.
What is causing my skin condition, and is it contagious?
What treatment options do I have, and which do you recommend?
Are there side effects I should watch for with this medication?
How long before I can expect to see improvement?
Should I make any changes to my skincare routine or diet?
Are there triggers I should avoid to prevent flare-ups?
When should I schedule a follow-up appointment?
What symptoms should prompt me to call your office before my next visit?
Is this condition chronic, or can it be cured?
Should I have a full-body skin cancer screening?
Pro Tip
Write down your questions before your appointment and bring them with you. Don't hesitate to take notes during your visit or ask for written instructions.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Know when symptoms require immediate attention versus a scheduled appointment.
While most conditions can wait for a scheduled appointment with a dermatologist, certain symptoms require immediate emergency care. Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you experience:
- Rapidly spreading rash with fever, chills, or feeling very unwell (may indicate serious infection or drug reaction)
- Signs of anaphylaxis after exposure to allergen: difficulty breathing, throat swelling, rapid pulse, dizziness
- Severe burns covering a large body area or burns on face, hands, feet, or genitals
- Signs of cellulitis with rapid spread: red, warm, swollen skin with expanding borders and fever
- Signs of necrotizing fasciitis: rapidly progressing pain out of proportion to appearance, swelling, fever
- Severe allergic reaction with widespread hives and difficulty breathing
- Deep wounds or lacerations that won't stop bleeding or expose bone/tendon
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome signs: painful skin, flu-like symptoms, and spreading blisters affecting mouth/eyes
EMERGENCY
Call 911 or nearest ER
URGENT
Doctor or urgent care
NON-URGENT
Regular appointment
Dermatologist vs. Other Specialists
Understanding the differences between medical specialists helps you choose the right provider for your needs.
Dermatologist vs. Esthetician
Dermatologists are medical doctors (MD or DO) who diagnose and treat skin diseases, prescribe medications, perform biopsies, and surgically remove skin cancers. Estheticians are licensed skincare specialists who provide cosmetic treatments like facials, extractions, and peels, but cannot diagnose conditions, prescribe medications, or perform medical procedures. See a dermatologist for medical skin problems; an esthetician for cosmetic skincare maintenance.
Dermatologist vs. Allergist
While both specialists may treat skin conditions, allergists (allergist-immunologists) focus on allergic reactions and immune system disorders like hives, allergic contact dermatitis, and drug allergies. Dermatologists specialize in all skin, hair, and nail conditions including skin cancer, acne, psoriasis, eczema, and surgical procedures. For skin allergies, either may help; for general skin diseases, see a dermatologist.
Dermatologist vs. Plastic Surgeon
Plastic surgeons perform reconstructive and cosmetic surgical procedures on skin and underlying tissues, including facelifts, rhinoplasty, and reconstruction after trauma or cancer. Dermatologists focus on diagnosing skin conditions, medical treatments, and procedures specific to skin (Mohs surgery for skin cancer, laser treatments, minor excisions). For skin cancer removal, Mohs dermatologists often have the highest cure rates; for major reconstructive surgery, see a plastic surgeon.
Dermatologist vs. Primary Care Physician
Primary care physicians (family medicine doctors, internists) treat common skin conditions like mild acne, rashes, and simple infections. Dermatologists are specialists trained to handle complex, persistent, or severe skin conditions, perform specialized procedures, and diagnose rare skin diseases. Start with your PCP for minor skin issues; get a dermatology referral for persistent problems, unusual growths, or skin cancer screening.
Not sure which specialist you need?
Your primary care physician can help determine the right specialist for your condition and provide a referral if needed.
Sources & References
Information about dermatologists is sourced from peer-reviewed medical literature and authoritative organizations.
Last updated: March 2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about dermatologists
What is the ABCDE rule for checking moles?
The ABCDE rule helps identify potentially cancerous moles: A = Asymmetry (one half doesn't match the other), B = Border irregularity (ragged or blurred edges), C = Color changes or multiple colors (black, brown, tan, red, white, blue), D = Diameter larger than 6mm (pencil eraser size), E = Evolution (changes in size, shape, color, or new symptoms like bleeding or itching). Any mole fitting these criteria should be evaluated by a dermatologist promptly. Additionally, any new mole in adults or an 'ugly duckling' mole that looks different from your others warrants examination.
Do I need a referral to see a dermatologist?
It depends on your insurance plan. HMO plans typically require a referral from your primary care physician. PPO and POS plans often allow you to see specialists without a referral, though having one may reduce your copay. Medicare doesn't require referrals. Check with your insurance provider about their specific requirements. Even if not required, a referral can be helpful as your primary doctor can communicate your medical history to the dermatologist.
How long does it typically take to get a dermatology appointment?
Wait times vary significantly by location and urgency. For routine acne or skin check appointments, waits of 2-8 weeks are common, sometimes longer in underserved areas. For urgent concerns like suspected skin cancer, many dermatologists reserve slots for urgent cases and you may get in within 1-2 weeks. If your primary care doctor calls to expedite a referral for a suspicious lesion, appointments can often be scheduled sooner. Cancellation lists may offer earlier appointments.
Is a skin biopsy painful?
A skin biopsy causes minimal discomfort. The dermatologist numbs the area with local anesthetic (a small injection that stings briefly for a few seconds), then you shouldn't feel pain during the procedure itself. You may feel pressure or tugging. After the anesthetic wears off, there may be mild soreness for a day or two, manageable with over-the-counter pain medication. Most biopsies take only 5-15 minutes and require minimal recovery time.
Can dermatologists help with hair loss?
Yes, dermatologists are trained to diagnose and treat all types of hair loss (alopecia). They can determine whether hair loss is due to genetics, autoimmune conditions, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, medications, or scalp conditions. Treatment options include topical minoxidil, oral finasteride or dutasteride for pattern baldness, corticosteroid injections for alopecia areata, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, low-level laser therapy, addressing underlying nutritional or hormonal issues, and referral for hair transplant surgery when appropriate.
What's the difference between medical and cosmetic dermatology?
Medical dermatology focuses on diagnosing and treating skin diseases and conditions that affect health (acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin cancer, infections, rashes). These services are typically covered by insurance. Cosmetic dermatology focuses on improving the appearance of healthy skin through procedures like Botox, fillers, laser treatments for wrinkles or age spots, chemical peels, and microneedling. Cosmetic procedures are elective and usually not covered by insurance. Many dermatologists practice both, but some specialize in one area.
How often should I have a full body skin check?
For most people with average risk, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends annual skin checks. However, those at higher risk should have more frequent exams: every 3-6 months if you've had skin cancer before, have many moles (50+), have atypical moles, have fair skin with lots of sun exposure, have a family history of melanoma, or have a weakened immune system. Everyone should also perform monthly self-examinations at home to catch changes between professional exams. Discuss your individual risk factors with your dermatologist to determine the right schedule.
Will my acne scars ever go away, or can they be treated?
Acne scars can fade somewhat over time but rarely disappear completely on their own. However, dermatologists have many effective treatments for acne scarring: laser resurfacing (fractional CO2 or erbium lasers), microneedling with or without radiofrequency, chemical peels, dermabrasion, subcision (breaking up scar tissue), dermal fillers for depressed scars, and TCA CROSS for ice pick scars. The best treatment depends on your scar type (rolling, boxcar, or ice pick), skin type, and severity. Multiple treatments are often needed for optimal results. Preventing new acne is also crucial.
Are over-the-counter skincare products as effective as prescription ones?
For mild conditions, over-the-counter (OTC) products can be effective - for example, benzoyl peroxide for mild acne, retinol for fine lines, or hydrocortisone cream for minor rashes. However, prescription products typically contain higher concentrations of active ingredients and access to medications not available OTC (like tretinoin, prescription-strength corticosteroids, or isotretinoin for severe acne). For moderate to severe conditions or when OTC treatments haven't worked after 8-12 weeks, prescription options from a dermatologist are usually more effective. A dermatologist can also customize treatment to your specific skin type and condition.
Is it normal for my dermatologist to not see me for routine Botox or filler appointments?
Practices vary. In some dermatology practices, board-certified dermatologists perform all cosmetic procedures. In others, physician assistants (PAs) or nurse practitioners (NPs) under the dermatologist's supervision perform routine cosmetic treatments. This is legal and common, as these providers receive specialized training in cosmetic procedures. For complex cases or if you're uncomfortable, you can request to see the dermatologist directly. What's most important is that the provider is properly trained, experienced in the specific procedure, and works under appropriate medical supervision. Don't hesitate to ask about your provider's credentials and experience.
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you have a medical emergency, call 911. Our editorial standards