Top 25 Reproductive Endocrinologist Across the US
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What is a Reproductive Endocrinologist?
Learn about this specialty, training requirements, and when to schedule a visit.
A reproductive endocrinologist (RE) is an OB/GYN physician who has completed additional specialized fellowship training in reproductive endocrinology and infertility. These subspecialists diagnose and treat hormonal disorders affecting reproduction, manage complex infertility cases, and perform advanced assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Reproductive endocrinologists are experts in the hormonal and physiological aspects of human reproduction, fertility preservation, and reproductive surgery.
Training and Qualifications
Becoming a reproductive endocrinologist requires extensive education and training:
- 4 years of medical school to earn an MD or DO degree
- 4 years of obstetrics and gynecology residency training
- 3 years of fellowship in reproductive endocrinology and infertility
- Total of 14+ years of education and training beyond high school
- Extensive training in microsurgery, assisted reproductive technologies, and reproductive genetics
Board Certification: American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) with subspecialty certification in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI). Certification requires passing written and oral examinations after completing an ACGME-accredited fellowship. Physicians must maintain certification through ongoing education and periodic examinations.
When Should You See a Reproductive Endocrinologist?
You should consider seeing a reproductive endocrinologist if:
- You have been trying to conceive for 12 months (or 6 months if over 35) without success
- You have irregular, absent, or painful menstrual cycles affecting fertility
- You have been diagnosed with PCOS, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids
- You have had recurrent pregnancy losses (two or more miscarriages)
- You are considering fertility preservation (egg or embryo freezing)
- You need advanced fertility treatments like IVF or IUI
- You have a male partner with known fertility issues
- You are planning to use donor eggs, sperm, or a gestational carrier
Key Facts
Common Conditions Treated
Reproductive Endocrinologists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. Here are some of the most common conditions that reproductive endocrinologists help patients manage.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A common hormonal disorder affecting 6-12% of reproductive-age women, characterized by irregular ovulation, elevated androgens, and polycystic ovaries.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Reproductive endocrinologists treat PCOS-related infertility through ovulation induction with medications like letrozole or clomiphene, lifestyle modifications, and when needed, assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
Female Infertility
The inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. Causes include ovulatory disorders, tubal factors, uterine abnormalities, and unexplained infertility.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
REIs perform comprehensive fertility evaluations including hormone testing, ultrasound, HSG, and develop personalized treatment plans ranging from ovulation induction to IUI or IVF based on diagnosis.
Endometriosis
A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, affecting 30-50% of women with infertility. It can cause pelvic adhesions and impair egg quality.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Reproductive endocrinologists may perform laparoscopic surgery to remove endometriosis, optimize ovarian reserve assessment, and often recommend IVF as it bypasses tubal factors and improves pregnancy rates.
Male Factor Infertility
Male factors contribute to approximately 40-50% of infertility cases. Issues include low sperm count, poor motility, abnormal morphology, or obstructive conditions.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
REIs work with urologists to diagnose male infertility, offering treatments including intrauterine insemination (IUI) for mild issues, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with IVF for severe male factor infertility.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies. Causes include chromosomal abnormalities, uterine abnormalities, blood clotting disorders, and hormonal imbalances.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Reproductive endocrinologists perform comprehensive evaluations including genetic testing, uterine imaging, and blood work, then develop targeted treatment plans which may include PGT-A testing of embryos, hormone support, or surgical correction.
Diminished Ovarian Reserve
A condition where the ovaries have fewer eggs than expected for a woman's age, often detected through elevated FSH or low AMH levels. It can significantly impact fertility treatment success.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
REIs carefully assess ovarian reserve, may recommend aggressive treatment protocols, discuss realistic expectations, and offer options including donor eggs when appropriate. They optimize stimulation protocols for maximum egg retrieval.
Uterine Abnormalities
Structural problems of the uterus including fibroids, polyps, septums, or congenital abnormalities that can interfere with implantation or pregnancy maintenance.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Reproductive endocrinologists diagnose uterine abnormalities through saline sonogram or hysteroscopy, and perform minimally invasive surgical corrections to optimize the uterine environment for pregnancy.
Fertility Preservation
Medical options to protect future fertility, particularly important for patients facing cancer treatment, autoimmune conditions, or those choosing to delay childbearing.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
REIs rapidly assess fertility potential, perform egg or embryo freezing using vitrification technology, coordinate with oncologists for urgent cases, and provide long-term storage solutions and future family-building plans.
Important Note
This list represents common conditions but is not exhaustive. Reproductive Endocrinologists treat many other conditions related to their specialty. If you're experiencing symptoms or have concerns, consult with a qualified reproductive endocrinologist for a proper evaluation.
What to Expect During Your Visit
Understanding what happens during your appointment can help you feel more prepared. Here's what you can typically expect when visiting a reproductive endocrinologist.
Your First Visit
- Comprehensive review of both partners' medical, surgical, and reproductive histories
- Detailed menstrual history including cycle length, regularity, and symptoms
- Discussion of how long you've been trying to conceive and previous fertility treatments
- Physical examination including pelvic ultrasound to assess ovaries and uterus
- Review of any previous fertility testing or treatment records
- Discussion of diagnostic testing plan and initial treatment options
- Initial consultation typically lasts 45-60 minutes and includes both partners
Diagnosis & Testing
- Hormone testing: FSH, LH, estradiol, AMH, TSH, prolactin, and androgens for PCOS evaluation
- Transvaginal ultrasound: antral follicle count, ovarian morphology, and uterine assessment
- Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): X-ray test to evaluate tubal patency and uterine cavity
- Semen analysis: sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume assessment
- Saline sonohysterogram: detailed evaluation of uterine cavity for polyps, fibroids, or septum
- Genetic carrier screening: testing for conditions like cystic fibrosis, fragile X, and spinal muscular atrophy
- Ovarian reserve testing: combination of AMH, FSH, and antral follicle count
Treatment Options
- Ovulation induction: medications like letrozole or clomiphene to stimulate egg development
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI): placing washed sperm directly into the uterus
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): retrieving eggs, fertilizing in lab, and transferring embryos
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): injecting single sperm into egg for severe male factor
- Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT): testing embryos for chromosomal or genetic abnormalities
- Egg or embryo freezing: fertility preservation using vitrification technology
- Donor gametes or gestational carrier: options when needed for medical reasons
- Surgical treatment: hysteroscopy or laparoscopy to correct uterine or tubal abnormalities
Tip for Your Visit
Bring a list of current medications, previous test results, and questions you want to ask. Writing down your symptoms—when they occur and what affects them—helps your reproductive endocrinologist provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
How to Choose the Right Reproductive Endocrinologist
Finding the right healthcare provider is important for your health and peace of mind. Here are key factors to consider when selecting a reproductive endocrinologist.
Credentials to Verify
- Board certification by ABOG with subspecialty certification in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
- Completion of an ACGME-accredited 3-year REI fellowship program
- Active, unrestricted medical license in your state
- Affiliation with a fertility clinic reporting outcomes to SART (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology)
- Laboratory accreditation by CAP and certification by CLIA
- Membership in American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)
Important Considerations
- Clinic success rates for your age group and diagnosis (available on SART website)
- Experience with your specific condition (PCOS, endometriosis, male factor, etc.)
- Range of services offered (IUI, IVF, PGT, donor programs, fertility preservation)
- Availability of on-site embryology laboratory and surgical facilities
- Office location, hours, and accessibility for frequent monitoring appointments
- Financial counseling services and payment options available
- Communication style and responsiveness of the medical team
Quick Tip
Don't hesitate to schedule consultations with multiple reproductive endocrinologists before making your decision. The right fit isn't just about credentials—it's also about feeling comfortable and confident in your care.
Cost and Insurance Information
Understanding the costs associated with seeing a reproductive endocrinologist can help you plan for your healthcare needs.
Average Costs (Without Insurance)
Initial Visit
$300-$500 (comprehensive fertility consultation)
Follow-up Visit
$150-$300
Common Procedures
Note: These are estimated average costs and can vary based on location, provider, and specific services required.
Insurance Coverage
- Coverage varies significantly by state and employer; 20 states mandate some infertility coverage
- Many plans cover diagnostic testing but not treatment procedures
- Some employers offer fertility benefits through specialized programs like Progyny or Carrot
- Pre-authorization is typically required for IVF and expensive fertility treatments
- Fertility preservation may be covered for medical reasons (cancer treatment)
- Review your specific plan's definition of infertility and coverage limitations
Medicare Information
Medicare does not cover infertility treatments as it primarily serves those over 65. However, Medicare may cover diagnostic testing for underlying hormonal conditions. Most reproductive endocrinology patients are of reproductive age and use private insurance or self-pay.
Money-Saving Tips
- 1Always verify your reproductive endocrinologist is in-network before scheduling
- 2Ask about self-pay discounts if you don't have insurance
- 3Inquire about payment plans for expensive procedures
- 4Get prior authorization when required to avoid claim denials
- 5Use FSA or HSA funds for eligible medical expenses
Questions to Ask Your Reproductive Endocrinologist
Being prepared for your appointment helps you get the most out of your time with your doctor. Here are important questions to consider asking a reproductive endocrinologist.
What do you think is causing my fertility issues based on my test results?
What are my treatment options, and which do you recommend starting with?
What are the success rates at your clinic for someone my age and with my diagnosis?
How many IVF cycles does it typically take to achieve pregnancy for patients like me?
What are the risks and side effects of the treatments you're recommending?
How much will treatment cost, and what does my insurance cover?
How often will I need to come in for monitoring appointments during treatment?
What is your approach if the first treatment cycle is unsuccessful?
Do you recommend any genetic testing of embryos, and why or why not?
What lifestyle changes can improve my chances of success?
Pro Tip
Write down your questions before your appointment and bring them with you. Don't hesitate to take notes during your visit or ask for written instructions.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Know when symptoms require immediate attention versus a scheduled appointment.
While most conditions can wait for a scheduled appointment with a reproductive endocrinologist, certain symptoms require immediate emergency care. Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain with bloating after fertility treatment - may indicate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
- Heavy vaginal bleeding soaking more than one pad per hour - may indicate ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage
- Sudden severe pelvic pain with dizziness or fainting - may indicate ruptured ectopic pregnancy requiring immediate surgery
- Shortness of breath or chest pain after IVF - may indicate severe OHSS with fluid accumulation or blood clot
- Fever over 101°F after egg retrieval or other procedure - may indicate pelvic infection requiring antibiotics
- Signs of severe allergic reaction: hives, facial swelling, difficulty breathing after fertility medications
EMERGENCY
Call 911 or nearest ER
URGENT
Doctor or urgent care
NON-URGENT
Regular appointment
Reproductive Endocrinologist vs. Other Specialists
Understanding the differences between medical specialists helps you choose the right provider for your needs.
Reproductive Endocrinologist vs. Obstetrician-Gynecologist (OB/GYN)
OB/GYNs provide general women's reproductive healthcare including pregnancy care, delivery, and basic fertility evaluation. Reproductive endocrinologists complete an additional 3-year fellowship specifically in infertility and reproductive hormones. REIs are the specialists who perform IVF, manage complex fertility cases, and have advanced training in reproductive surgery that OB/GYNs don't receive.
Reproductive Endocrinologist vs. Endocrinologist
General endocrinologists treat hormonal disorders throughout the body including thyroid disease, diabetes, and adrenal conditions. Reproductive endocrinologists specifically focus on hormones affecting reproduction and fertility. While both may treat conditions like PCOS, only REIs perform fertility treatments like IVF and have specialized training in assisted reproductive technologies.
Reproductive Endocrinologist vs. Urologist
Urologists specialize in the male genitourinary tract and may evaluate and treat male infertility, including performing surgical sperm retrieval. Reproductive endocrinologists coordinate the overall fertility treatment plan and perform the assisted reproductive procedures. The two specialists often work together when male factor infertility is identified.
Not sure which specialist you need?
Your primary care physician can help determine the right specialist for your condition and provide a referral if needed.
Sources & References
Information about reproductive endocrinologists is sourced from peer-reviewed medical literature and authoritative organizations.
Last updated: March 2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about reproductive endocrinologist
What is the difference between a reproductive endocrinologist and an OB/GYN?
While OB/GYNs are trained in general women's reproductive health including pregnancy, delivery, and basic fertility, reproductive endocrinologists (REIs) complete an additional 3 years of specialized fellowship training specifically in hormonal disorders and advanced fertility treatments. REIs are the experts who perform IVF, manage complex infertility cases, and treat conditions like PCOS that affect fertility. They have extensive training in reproductive surgery and assisted reproductive technologies that general OB/GYNs do not receive.
When should I see a reproductive endocrinologist instead of my regular gynecologist?
You should see an REI if you've been trying to conceive for 12 months without success (or 6 months if you're over 35), have known fertility issues like PCOS or endometriosis, have had recurrent miscarriages, need advanced treatments like IVF, or want to preserve your fertility through egg freezing. If your gynecologist has tried basic fertility treatments like clomiphene without success, it's time to see a specialist.
What is IVF and what is the success rate?
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process where eggs are retrieved from the ovaries, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and the resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus. Success rates depend primarily on the woman's age: approximately 50% per cycle for women under 35, 38% for ages 35-37, 26% for ages 38-40, and lower for older women. Success also depends on the underlying cause of infertility and embryo quality. Many patients achieve pregnancy within 2-3 IVF cycles.
How much does IVF cost and is it covered by insurance?
A single IVF cycle typically costs $12,000-$20,000 for the procedure, plus $3,000-$7,000 for medications. Insurance coverage varies greatly; 20 states mandate some level of infertility coverage, and some employers offer fertility benefits. Many patients use a combination of insurance, HSA/FSA funds, and financing options. It's important to get a detailed cost estimate and discuss payment options with the clinic's financial counselor before starting treatment.
What is fertility preservation and who should consider it?
Fertility preservation involves freezing eggs, sperm, or embryos to protect future reproductive options. It's recommended for patients about to undergo cancer treatment that may damage fertility, those with medical conditions requiring gonadotoxic therapy, transgender individuals before hormone therapy, and women who want to delay childbearing for personal or professional reasons. Modern vitrification technology has significantly improved outcomes, with frozen eggs performing nearly as well as fresh eggs in many cases.
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you have a medical emergency, call 911. Our editorial standards