Top 25 Periodontist Across the US
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What is a Periodontist?
Learn about this specialty, training requirements, and when to schedule a visit.
A periodontist is a dental specialist who focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal (gum) disease and the placement of dental implants. Periodontists are experts in treating the supporting structures of teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. They receive extensive training in both non-surgical treatments like scaling and root planing, as well as surgical procedures including gum grafts, bone regeneration, and implant placement. Research has established strong connections between periodontal disease and systemic health conditions including heart disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, making periodontal care an essential component of overall health management.
Training and Qualifications
Becoming a periodontist requires extensive education and training:
- 4 years of dental school to earn a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) degree
- 3 years of additional specialty residency training in periodontics at an accredited program
- Extensive training in plastic periodontal surgery, dental implant placement, and bone regeneration
- Total of 11+ years of education and training beyond high school
- Training includes research in periodontal disease and its connection to systemic health
- Many periodontists pursue additional fellowship training in implantology or regenerative procedures
Board Certification: American Board of Periodontology (ABP). Board certification requires completion of an accredited periodontal residency program, passing rigorous written and oral examinations, and demonstrating clinical competence. Diplomates must maintain certification through ongoing continuing education and periodic re-examination every 6 years.
When Should You See a Periodontist?
You should consider seeing a periodontist if:
- You have bleeding, swollen, or tender gums that persist despite good oral hygiene
- Your gums are receding or pulling away from your teeth
- You have persistent bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth that doesn't improve
- Your teeth feel loose or are shifting position
- You need dental implants to replace missing teeth
- Your general dentist has referred you for periodontal evaluation or treatment
- You have been diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontal disease
- You have diabetes, heart disease, or other conditions that increase periodontal risk
Key Facts
Common Conditions Treated
Periodontists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. Here are some of the most common conditions that periodontists help patients manage.
Gingivitis
The earliest and mildest form of gum disease, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva (gums) caused by bacterial plaque accumulation. Gingivitis is reversible with proper treatment but can progress to more serious periodontitis if left untreated.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists diagnose gingivitis through clinical examination and probe measurements. Treatment includes professional cleaning to remove plaque and calculus, instruction on improved home care techniques, and follow-up to ensure resolution. Early intervention prevents progression to periodontitis.
Chronic Periodontitis
A progressive inflammatory disease affecting the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone supporting the teeth. Unlike gingivitis, periodontitis involves irreversible destruction of the supporting structures and can lead to tooth loss if not treated.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists treat chronic periodontitis through scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) to remove bacterial deposits, localized antibiotic therapy, and surgical procedures when needed. They establish ongoing maintenance programs to prevent disease recurrence and preserve remaining bone and teeth.
Aggressive Periodontitis
A rapidly progressive form of periodontal disease that causes severe bone loss in a short time, often affecting younger patients. This form involves specific bacteria and may have genetic components affecting the immune response.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists provide aggressive treatment combining deep cleaning with systemic antibiotics targeting specific bacteria, surgical intervention to access deep pockets, and strict maintenance protocols. Genetic testing and bacterial analysis may guide treatment planning.
Gum Recession
The gradual loss of gum tissue that exposes the tooth root surfaces, leading to sensitivity, cosmetic concerns, and increased risk of root decay and further recession. Causes include periodontal disease, aggressive brushing, grinding, or thin gum tissue.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists perform gum grafting procedures using tissue from the palate or donor sources to cover exposed roots, reduce sensitivity, prevent further recession, and improve appearance. Techniques include connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts, and newer tunnel procedures.
Peri-Implantitis
An inflammatory condition affecting the gum and bone around dental implants, similar to periodontitis around natural teeth. Without treatment, peri-implantitis leads to progressive bone loss and potential implant failure.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists treat peri-implantitis through mechanical debridement with specialized instruments that won't damage implant surfaces, antimicrobial therapy, and regenerative surgery to restore bone around affected implants. Prevention through regular maintenance is emphasized.
Bone Loss and Defects
Loss of alveolar bone that supports the teeth, resulting from periodontal disease, trauma, or tooth extraction. Significant bone loss can prevent dental implant placement and lead to facial structure changes.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists perform bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration procedures to rebuild lost bone using patient's own bone, donor bone, or synthetic materials. These procedures restore the foundation needed for implant placement or improve support for remaining teeth.
Periodontal Abscess
A localized collection of pus within the gum tissue resulting from bacterial infection, usually occurring as a complication of existing periodontal disease when a deep pocket becomes blocked and bacteria proliferate.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists drain periodontal abscesses, remove infected tissue, and treat the underlying periodontal disease. Antibiotics may be prescribed for spreading infections. Once acute symptoms resolve, definitive periodontal treatment addresses the cause.
Gummy Smile and Crown Lengthening
Excessive gingival display when smiling (gummy smile) or insufficient clinical crown height for dental restorations. Crown lengthening surgically exposes more tooth structure for both cosmetic and functional purposes.
Key Symptoms
Treatment Approach
Periodontists perform crown lengthening by removing excess gum tissue and reshaping bone to expose more tooth structure. For gummy smiles, this creates a more balanced and aesthetic appearance. Functionally, it provides adequate tooth structure for successful dental restorations.
Important Note
This list represents common conditions but is not exhaustive. Periodontists treat many other conditions related to their specialty. If you're experiencing symptoms or have concerns, consult with a qualified periodontist for a proper evaluation.
What to Expect During Your Visit
Understanding what happens during your appointment can help you feel more prepared. Here's what you can typically expect when visiting a periodontist.
Your First Visit
- Comprehensive review of medical and dental history, including medications and systemic conditions
- Full periodontal examination measuring pocket depths at six sites per tooth
- Assessment of gum recession, bleeding on probing, and tooth mobility
- Dental X-rays including periapical and/or full-mouth series to evaluate bone levels
- Evaluation of bite, teeth grinding, and other contributing factors
- Discussion of findings and diagnosis with visual aids
- Development of customized treatment plan with timeline and cost estimates
- Initial consultation typically lasts 60-90 minutes
Diagnosis & Testing
- Periodontal probing: measuring pocket depths and attachment levels at multiple sites per tooth
- Bleeding on probing: assessing active inflammation
- Clinical attachment level measurement: determining extent of tissue destruction
- Dental radiographs: evaluating alveolar bone height and detecting bone defects
- Tooth mobility assessment: grading how loose teeth have become
- Furcation involvement: checking multi-rooted teeth for bone loss between roots
- Occlusal analysis: evaluating bite forces that may contribute to bone loss
Treatment Options
- Scaling and root planing: deep cleaning performed under local anesthesia in quadrants or full mouth
- Local antibiotic therapy: placement of antimicrobials directly into periodontal pockets
- Periodontal surgery: procedures to reduce pocket depths and regenerate lost tissue
- Gum grafting: covering exposed roots and increasing gum tissue thickness
- Bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration: rebuilding lost bone support
- Dental implant placement: surgical insertion of titanium posts to replace missing teeth
- Periodontal maintenance: ongoing professional cleaning every 3-4 months to prevent recurrence
Tip for Your Visit
Bring a list of current medications, previous test results, and questions you want to ask. Writing down your symptoms—when they occur and what affects them—helps your periodontist provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
How to Choose the Right Periodontist
Finding the right healthcare provider is important for your health and peace of mind. Here are key factors to consider when selecting a periodontist.
Credentials to Verify
- Board certification by the American Board of Periodontology (ABP)
- Completion of a 3-year accredited periodontal residency program
- Active dental license in your state with periodontal specialty registration
- Fellowship in the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) indicating commitment to the specialty
- Continuing education in latest techniques including laser therapy and regenerative procedures
- Hospital privileges if providing sedation or treating medically complex patients
Important Considerations
- Experience with your specific condition (ask about case volume for your procedure)
- Advanced technology including 3D imaging, laser therapy, and digital treatment planning
- Approach to patient comfort including sedation options for anxious patients
- Communication with your general dentist for coordinated care
- Clear explanation of treatment options, expected outcomes, and alternatives
- Before and after photos of similar cases
- Patient reviews emphasizing outcomes and experience
- Transparent pricing and insurance/financing options
Quick Tip
Don't hesitate to schedule consultations with multiple periodontists before making your decision. The right fit isn't just about credentials—it's also about feeling comfortable and confident in your care.
Cost and Insurance Information
Understanding the costs associated with seeing a periodontist can help you plan for your healthcare needs.
Average Costs (Without Insurance)
Initial Visit
$150-$400 (comprehensive periodontal examination and X-rays)
Follow-up Visit
$75-$200 (periodontal maintenance cleaning)
Common Procedures
Note: These are estimated average costs and can vary based on location, provider, and specific services required.
Insurance Coverage
- Most dental insurance covers periodontal evaluation and diagnosis
- Scaling and root planing typically covered at 50-80% as a major procedure
- Periodontal surgery coverage varies widely; pre-authorization recommended
- Dental implants often have limited coverage or are excluded from many plans
- Cosmetic procedures like gum grafting for aesthetics may not be covered
- Annual maximums ($1,000-$2,500) often limit periodontal treatment coverage
- Medical insurance may cover implants or grafting when related to trauma or cancer treatment
Medicare Information
Original Medicare (Parts A and B) does not cover routine periodontal care, cleanings, or dental implants. Limited coverage exists for dental services integral to other covered medical procedures, such as jaw reconstruction after cancer surgery. Some Medicare Advantage plans include dental benefits with varying periodontal coverage. Patients should verify specific periodontal coverage before treatment.
Money-Saving Tips
- 1Always verify your periodontist is in-network before scheduling
- 2Ask about self-pay discounts if you don't have insurance
- 3Inquire about payment plans for expensive procedures
- 4Get prior authorization when required to avoid claim denials
- 5Use FSA or HSA funds for eligible medical expenses
Questions to Ask Your Periodontist
Being prepared for your appointment helps you get the most out of your time with your doctor. Here are important questions to consider asking a periodontist.
What stage is my periodontal disease and how much bone loss do I have?
What are all my treatment options and what do you recommend for my specific case?
Can my teeth be saved, or should I consider extraction and implants?
How will periodontal treatment affect my other health conditions (diabetes, heart disease)?
What type of anesthesia or sedation is available for my procedure?
What is the expected outcome and success rate for my treatment?
How many similar procedures have you performed?
What will happen if I don't have this treatment?
How often will I need periodontal maintenance after treatment?
What is the total cost and does my insurance cover this procedure?
How long is the recovery and what restrictions will I have?
What can I do at home to improve my periodontal health?
Pro Tip
Write down your questions before your appointment and bring them with you. Don't hesitate to take notes during your visit or ask for written instructions.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Know when symptoms require immediate attention versus a scheduled appointment.
While most conditions can wait for a scheduled appointment with a periodontist, certain symptoms require immediate emergency care. Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you experience:
- Severe facial swelling spreading to eye, neck, or floor of mouth - may indicate serious spreading infection requiring immediate medical attention
- High fever (over 101.5F) combined with dental pain and swelling - indicates significant infection that may need IV antibiotics and hospitalization
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing with dental infection - airway emergency requiring immediate emergency room visit
- Uncontrolled bleeding from gums that doesn't stop with firm pressure for 20 minutes - may indicate underlying bleeding disorder or serious complication
- Severe pain not controlled by prescribed medications after periodontal surgery - may indicate dry socket, infection, or other complication
- Numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation persisting beyond expected time after surgery - may indicate nerve involvement
EMERGENCY
Call 911 or nearest ER
URGENT
Doctor or urgent care
NON-URGENT
Regular appointment
Periodontist vs. Other Specialists
Understanding the differences between medical specialists helps you choose the right provider for your needs.
Periodontist vs. General Dentist
General dentists provide comprehensive dental care including routine cleanings and can treat mild gum disease (gingivitis). Periodontists complete 3 additional years of specialized training focused exclusively on gum disease, implants, and bone/gum surgery. General dentists refer patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease, complex implant needs, or gum grafting requirements to periodontists for specialized care.
Periodontist vs. Oral Surgeon
Both periodontists and oral surgeons place dental implants, but their training differs. Periodontists specialize in the supporting structures of teeth and managing periodontal disease before, during, and after implant placement. Oral surgeons have broader surgical training including wisdom teeth, jaw surgery, and facial trauma. Periodontists are often preferred for implants in patients with gum disease or when bone grafting and soft tissue management are critical.
Periodontist vs. Prosthodontist
Periodontists and prosthodontists often work together on implant cases. Periodontists surgically place dental implants and manage the gum and bone health around them. Prosthodontists design and create the crowns, bridges, and dentures that attach to implants. For complex full-mouth reconstructions, both specialists collaborate to achieve optimal function and aesthetics.
Not sure which specialist you need?
Your primary care physician can help determine the right specialist for your condition and provide a referral if needed.
Sources & References
Information about periodontists is sourced from peer-reviewed medical literature and authoritative organizations.
Last updated: March 2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about periodontist
What is the difference between a periodontist and a general dentist?
A general dentist provides comprehensive dental care and can treat mild gum disease. A periodontist is a dental specialist with 3 additional years of training focused exclusively on preventing, diagnosing, and treating periodontal disease and placing dental implants. Periodontists have expertise in complex cases including moderate to severe gum disease, gum grafting, bone regeneration, and implant placement in challenging situations. Your general dentist may refer you to a periodontist for specialized care beyond routine cleanings.
Is gum disease connected to heart disease and other health conditions?
Yes, extensive research has established connections between periodontal disease and several systemic conditions. People with periodontal disease have 2-3 times higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and atherosclerosis. The chronic inflammation from gum disease may contribute to arterial plaque formation. Periodontal disease is also linked to poorly controlled diabetes (a bidirectional relationship), respiratory infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight. Treating periodontal disease is an important part of overall health management.
Does scaling and root planing hurt?
Scaling and root planing is performed under local anesthesia, so you should not feel pain during the procedure. You may experience some pressure or vibration from the instruments. After the anesthesia wears off, you can expect some tenderness, sensitivity, and minor bleeding for a few days. These symptoms are manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers and typically resolve within a week. Your periodontist may recommend a desensitizing toothpaste and provide specific post-care instructions.
Can periodontal disease be cured?
While the damage from periodontal disease (bone loss and attachment loss) cannot be completely reversed, the disease process can be stopped and managed. With proper treatment including scaling and root planing, surgical intervention when needed, and ongoing maintenance, periodontal disease can be controlled long-term. The key is consistent periodontal maintenance visits every 3-4 months and excellent home care. Some regenerative procedures can restore lost bone in specific defect types, though not all lost bone can be regrown.
How often should I see a periodontist for maintenance?
After active periodontal treatment, most periodontists recommend maintenance cleanings every 3-4 months rather than the standard 6-month interval for healthy patients. This more frequent schedule is crucial because periodontal bacteria repopulate pockets within 3-4 months. Some patients may alternate between their periodontist and general dentist for these visits. The specific interval is tailored to your disease severity, response to treatment, and risk factors. Skipping maintenance visits significantly increases risk of disease recurrence.
Are dental implants better than bridges for replacing missing teeth?
Dental implants offer several advantages: they don't require grinding down adjacent teeth (as bridges do), they help preserve bone that would otherwise resorb, they can last a lifetime with proper care, and they look and function like natural teeth. However, implants require adequate bone, healthy gums, and a longer treatment time. Bridges may be preferred when adjacent teeth already need crowns, when bone grafting isn't feasible, or when faster treatment is needed. Your periodontist can help determine the best option based on your specific situation.
What causes gum recession and can it be fixed?
Gum recession has multiple causes including periodontal disease, aggressive tooth brushing, teeth grinding, misaligned teeth, thin gum tissue, and tobacco use. Once recession occurs, gums don't grow back on their own. However, periodontists can treat recession through gum grafting procedures. Connective tissue grafts, where tissue is taken from the palate and placed over exposed roots, are highly effective at covering recession, reducing sensitivity, and preventing further progression. Newer techniques like the pinhole surgical technique offer less invasive options for some patients.
How long do dental implants last?
Dental implants have excellent long-term success rates, typically over 95% at 10 years and 90%+ at 20 years when properly placed and maintained. The titanium implant itself can last a lifetime in most patients. The crown attached to the implant may need replacement after 10-15 years due to wear. Success depends on proper placement, adequate bone, healthy surrounding tissues, good oral hygiene, regular dental visits, and avoiding smoking. Patients with diabetes or osteoporosis may have slightly lower success rates but are still often excellent candidates.
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition. If you have a medical emergency, call 911. Our editorial standards